A) Definition: A translation is a transformation that shifts every two points the same distance in the same direction. It is an isometry.
example: Line segment PQ maps to line segment P’Q’.
PQ = P’Q’ , PP’ is parallel to QQ’, PQ is parallel to P’Q’
PP’ = QQ’
Therefore, it creates a parallelogram.
B) Theorem 7.5: If 2 lines are parallel, then a reflection in a line followed by a reflection in another line results in a translation.
EX. line k and line m and parallel and a distance "d" apart.
When you reflect line segment PQ over line k and then over line m, you have P”Q”.
PP” = 2d, PQ mapped to P”Q” is a translation.
PP” is perpendicular to line k, and PP” is perpendicular to line m.
A vector is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude, or size, and is represented by an arrow drawn between two points.
The initial point, or starting point, of the vector is P and the terminal point, or ending point, is Q. The vector name is PQ with the notation of a ray except it does not have the bottom part of the arrow.
The horizontal component of vector PQ is the horizontal shift from point P to point Q and the vertical component of vector PQ is the vertical shift from point P to point Q.
Example, given point P (3,2) and point Q(7,8).
The horizontal shift is from3 to 7 or 4 units.
The vertical shift is from 2 to 8 or 6 units.
the component form is written like the following:
Therefore, for this example, <4,6>.
Translations in a Coordinate Plane:
Sketch a parallelogram with the following vertices:
R(-4, -1), S(-2, 0), T(-1, 3), and U(-3, 2)
Then sketch the image of the parallelogram after translation (x, y) ⇒ (x + 4, y - 2)
R(-4 , -1) ⇒ R’ ( -4 + 4, -1 - 2) = R’ (0 , -3)
S (-2, 0) ⇒ S’ (-2 + 4, 0 - 2) = S’ (2, -2)
T (-1 , 3) ⇒ T’ (-1 + 4, 3 - 2) = T’ (3 , 1)
U (-3 , 2) ⇒ U’ (-3 + 4, 2 - 2) = U’ (1, 0)
The Component Form of this parallelogram would be
Draw the vectors between parallelogram RSTU to R’S’T’U’. You have now made a 3-D figure.
To find the magnitude, use the distance formula:
vector's magnitude =
Since the difference of the x’s is the horizontal component
and
the difference of the y’s is the vertical exponent we have:
vector's magnitude =
So this would be
